Lima

Lima is a city in and the county seat of Allen County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 35,579. It is the principal city of the Lima, Ohio metropolitan statistical area, which is included in the LimaVan WertWapakoneta, OH, combined statistical area. The Lima Army Tank Plant, officially called the Joint Systems Manufacturing Center, built in 1941, is the sole producer of the M1 Abrams. The name "Lima" was reputedly chosen in a nod to the Peruvian capital which, during the 1800s, was a major source of quinine, an anti-malaria drug for which there had been a demand in the region, an area known as the Great Black Swamp. The city's oil field was, for about a decade, the largest in the US. In the early 20th century, Benjamin A. Gramm and his close friend Max Bernstein formed the Gramm-Bernstein Company, which became a pioneer in the motor truck industry. During World War I, thousands were sent to Europe to help the Allied war effort. In 1921, Lima voters approved a change in the structure of Lima city government. The charter sought to establish professional management, requiring the mayor to hire a city manager, who reported to the mayor. In 1912, voters elected a Socialist mayor of Lima, flirting with radicalism in the Progressive tradition. The Roies Roies Company was an assistant superintendent at American Steel Casting Co. in Pittsburgh, then acting manager at American Foundries in Pittsburgh.

History

Lima is the primary city name, but also Cridersville, Fort Shawnee are acceptable city names or spellings. The official name is Lima, Ohio. Lima was named after Lima, Peru's capital city. The name was reputedly chosen in a nod to the Peruvian capital which, during the 1800s, was a major source of quinine, an anti-malaria drug. In 1854, the first train appeared in Lima, a harbinger of later economic success. In the early 20th century, Benjamin A. Gramm and his close friend Max Bernstein formed the Gramm-Bernstein Company, which became a pioneer in the motor truck industry. In 1923, a KKK parade in Lima drew a crowd of about 100,000 people. In 1925, Lima became the largest producer of funeral coaches within two decades. In 1928, the city became the world's largest school bus producer. In 1936, Lima was the largest employer of women in the state of Ohio. In 1939, Lima's population reached a record high of 1.2 million. In 1950, the population reached 1.4 million. The city was the center for the violent Black Legion, a subset of the Ku Klux Klan, in the 1920s and 1930s. It was also the birthplace of the Ohio State Highway System, which is still in operation today. It is also the site of the U.S. National Museum of Natural History, which opened in 1939. The museum is located in the Lima suburb of Lima, Ohio, and is open to the public. It has a collection of more than 2,000 historical documents, many of which date back to at least the 17th century.

Climate

Lima has a Humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfa) where there are 4 distinct seasons. There are four distinct seasons in Lima: summer, winter, spring, summer and fall. The climate is very humid, with dry, dry summers and dry, wet, dry winters. The weather is very hot and dry in the summer, and very dry and wet in the winter. There is a high risk of flooding in Lima in winter. The city has a high incidence of malaria and dengue fever. It has a humid continental climate with dry summers, wet winters and dry summers. It is a hot, dry and dry place in the year and has 4 seasons. It also has a very dry continental climate, with a dry, hot summer and wet winters, and a dry autumn and winter. It's very hot in the spring and summer and has a dry winter and wet summer. It has a very wet winter and dry spring and July, August, September, October, November and October. It gets very wet in winter, with wetter, wetter summers and October and November. The temperature is very high in summer and cooler in the autumn and September. It can get very wet at the end of the year, and there is a wet season in November and December. The temperatures are very dry in winter and there are no dry months in the fall. It has ahumid continental climate and dry summers with dry winters and wet summers.

Oil history

Discovery of oil in Lima in 1885 began what came to be called the "Oil Boom of Northwest Ohio". Discovery actually began in Findlay, a city forty miles north of Lima. Lima oil lit the buildings of the 1893 World's Fair. Production peaked in 1904, and then dropped off rapidly. By 1910, the field was regarded as virtually played out. Still, the Lima Refinery has survived, continuing to operate for more than 125 years under a succession of ownersSolar Refining Company (1886), a subsidiary of Standard Oil until the breakup in 1911, Standard Oil of Ohio (1931), BP (1987), Clark USA (1998), Premcor (2000), Valero Energy Corporation (2005), and most recently Husky Energy (2007). The Lima Oil Field was a world-class producer, yielding 300 million barrels (48,000,000 m3). Lima was also a pipeline center. Within three years of the discovery of oil, a trunk line reached Chicago. By 1901, the excitement about Ohio oil slowed with the news of a Beaumont, Texas, gusher producing 100,000 barrels per day (16,000m3/d). In 1911, the courts declared Standard Oil Trust a monopoly and broke it into several companies. The Lima refinery has continued to operate under a series of owners since then, including BP, BP, Valero, Premcor, and Husky. The company is based in Lima, Ohio, but has offices in Cleveland.

Railroads and locomotives

The first locomotive appeared in Allen County in 1854, brought in from Toledo as freight on the Miami and Erie Canal. Machine shops for the Dayton & Michigan were built in Lima by 1860, and for the Lake Erie and Western Railroad by 1880. In 1906, an average of 143 trains and 7,436 cars, carrying 223,080 tons of freight, passed through Lima every 24 hours. In 1920, Lima was served by five steam railroads and Allen County by eight, in addition to five electric interurban lines. After a brief boom for railroads during World War II, passenger service declined sharply in the 1950s. The last passenger train to stop in Lima was the Broadway Limited, then operated by Amtrak, on November 11, 1990.Currently, there are only a handful of railroads that serve Lima. CSX Transportation runs through town frequently and the Norfolk Southern Railway has one train each day to Lima. The Chicago, Fort Wayne, and Eastern and the Indiana and Ohio railroad are owned by Genesee & Wyoming and are in the north and east parts of town. The R.J. Corman Railroad/Western Ohio Line runs southwest from town on former Erie-Lackawanna trackage. In time, the Lima Locomotive Works would produce 2,761 Shayotives, which were sent to 48 states and 24 foreign countries. As of 2005, some were in use in 100 countries, some of which were shipped. The company was moving into direct-drive locomotives for general use.

Roads

Lima is at the intersection of Ohio State Route 309 (the original Lincoln Highway) and state routes 65, 81 and 117. Interstate 75, one of the routes of the Dixie Highway, passes on the eastern perimeter of Lima. U.S. Route 30 passes eastwest a few miles north of Lima and is part of the Ohio Turnpike. The city is located on the Ohio River, which runs through the center of the city. The Ohio River is a tributary of the Scioto River. The Scioto and Ohio rivers run through the city, which is located in the eastern part of Ohio and the western part of Indiana. The town is located near the Ohio-Indiana border and is on the turnpike's eastern edge. It is also near the junction of Ohio Route 309 and Ohio Route 65, and the Ohio State Highway System's Ohio Route 81 and 81, which are part of Interstate 75. It has a population of about 3,000. It was once known as the "City of Lima" and was the site of the "Lincoln Highway" which was built in the early 20th century. In the 1930s and 1940s, the city was known as "Lima" and "The City of the Lakes" for its many lakes and rivers. The current name was coined by the city's residents in the 1950s and 1960s to refer to the city as a tourist destination. It also was known for its nightlife, which included a number of nightclubs and bars.

Geography

The Ottawa River flows through the city. Locals sometimes refer to the river as "Hawg Creek" This resembles a traditional local name used dating back to the Hog Creek Shawnee community that existed between Lima and present Ada, prior to the Shawnee removal of 1831. This removal made possible the official founding of "Lima" as a formal town in that year. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 13.80 square miles (35.74 km²), of which 13.57 sq miles (35.15 km²) is land and 0.23sq miles (0.60 km²") is water. The city is located in the Upper Great Lakes region of the Ohio River valley, which runs through the center of the city and into the Canadian Shield. It has a humid continental climate (Köppen "Dfb") with an average monthly temperature of °C (°F) of 7.7°F (°C) The city has an average annual rainfall of 7.7 square miles (15.2 km) and an average yearly snowfall of 1.2 inches (3.4 m) The average annual snowfall in Lima is 1.7 inches (4.3 cm) and in the surrounding areas is 0.8 inches (2.1 cm). The city's average annual temperature is 7.8 degrees (°S) and the average annual precipitation is 1,856 square m (1,857 sq ft).

Demographics

As of the census of 2010, there were 38,771 people, 14,221 households, and 8,319 families residing in the city. The percentage of college graduates is 9.5%, according to the US Census Bureau. The city has the highest crime rate for a city its size (2060,000) in Ohio and also the 9th highest per capita in 2006. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.06. The gender makeup of the city was 52.8% male and 47.2% female. The median income for a household in theCity was $27,067, and the median income. for a family was $32,405. The per capita income for the city is $13,882, including the poverty line for those under age 18 and 14.3% of those over the age of 65. The population was spread out, with 27.5% from 18 to 24, 11.7% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 13.3%. The median age was 33.9 years. For every 100 females, there are 98.3 males. There were 17,631 housing units at an average density of 1,379.0 per square mile (532.7/km²). The racial makeup was 71.30% White, 24.30%, African American, 0.31% Native American, and 0.51% Asian. The Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.97% of the population.

Culture

Authors from Lima have produced poetry collections, scholarly works, novels and memoirs. Lenny Bruce did a comedy routine entitled "Lima, Ohio", in which he talked about the several weeks he once spent during the 1950s booked at a club in Lima. In the 1999 heist film The Thomas Crown Affair, lead actress Rene Russo's character is an insurance adjuster from Lima, Ohio. Lead actor Pierce Brosnan made a mistake during filming and pronounced Lima incorrectly. In James Pattersons 1986 novel Black Market, one of the principal characters, Caitlin, is from Lima, Ohio. In January 1953, a committee composed of John LaRotonda, Ben Schultz, Dom Trovarelli and Fred Mills organized the Lima Symphony Orchestra. This committee selected Lawrence Burkhalter as the Symphony's first conductor and the LSO made its debut performance on May 23, 1954, in the Central High School auditorium. In popular culture, the fictional killer of Buckwheat in 1983 episodes of Saturday Night Live, John David Stutts, was reported to be from Lima. The Client in the Charlie's Angels episode "Angels in Springtime" mentions that she is from Peru. The male lead of Moulin Rouge!, says he is from Peruvian city of Lima. A documentary on PBS called Lost in Middle America (and What Happened Next) directed by Scott Craig focused on Lima and Allen County, Ohio, in 1999. The show Glee is set in the fictional William McKinley High School.

Sports

Lima also is home to the Lima Warriors, a semi-pro American football team that plays in the Ohio Football League. UNOH and OSU Lima athletics, as well as various high school sports programs, are also based in Lima. Lima is also home to a collegiate summer baseball team, the Lima Locos, who play in the National Collegiate Summer Baseball Association (NCSBA), which is a division of the American Baseball Coaches Association (ABC) Lima has a history of hosting the NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship. Lima has also hosted the NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship and the NCAA Men's Division II Basketball Championship, which were both held in Lima in the 1980s and 1990s. Lima also has a number of high school teams, including Lima High School, which was founded in 1883. The city has also been the site of the U.S. Olympic Games, which took place in 1988 and 1988. It also has hosted the Summer Olympics in 1988, 1992 and 1996. It has been the home of the Ohio State University women's basketball team, which won the national championship in 1996 and 1998. It is also the home to several high school programs, including the Lima Lions, who won the state championship in 1998 and 2000. It was the first state college to host the National Junior College Championship in the summer of 2000. The U.N. Women’s Basketball Championship was also held in the city in the 1990s and 2000, and the first NCAA Division II Championship was held in 2000.

Air Quality, Water Quality, Superfund Sites & UV Index

The Air Quality index is in Lima, Allen County, Ohio = 50.1. These Air Quality index is based on annual reports from the EPA. Higher values are better (100=best). The number of ozone alert days is used as an indicator of air quality, as are the amounts of seven pollutants including particulates, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, lead, and volatile organic chemicals. The Water Quality Index is 35. A measure of the quality of an area’s water supply as rated by the EPA. Higher values are better (100=best). The EPA has a complex method of measuring the watershed quality, using 15 indicators such as pollutants, turbidity, sediments, and toxic discharges. The Superfund Sites Index is 98. Higher is better (100=best). Based upon the number and impact of EPA Superfund pollution sites in the county, including spending on the cleanup efforts. The UV Index in Lima = 3.7 and is a measure of an area's exposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays. This is most often a combination of sunny weather, altitude, and latitude. The UV Index has been defined by the WHO (www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/radiation-the-ultraviolet-(uv)-index) and is uniform worldwide.

Employed

The most recent city population of 35,579 individuals with a median age of 33.7 age the population dropped by -10.48% in Lima, Allen County, Ohio population since 2000 and are distributed over a density of 2,612.45 residents per square mile of area (1,008.70/km²). There are average 2.34 people per household in the 14,466 households with an average household income of $30,723 a year. The unemployment rate in Alabama is 12.60% of the available work force and has dropped -5.89% over the most recent 12-month period and the projected change in job supply over the next decade based on migration patterns, economic growth, and other factors will increase by 15.62%. The number of physicians in Lima per 100,000 population = 237.9.

Weather

The annual rainfall in Lima = 36.6 inches and the annual snowfall = 17.2 inches. The annual number of days with measurable precipitation (over .01 inch) = 126. The average number of days per year that are predominantly sunny = 179. 85 degrees Fahrenheit is the average daily high temperature for the month of July and 19.1 degrees Fahrenheit is the average daily low temperature for the month of January. The Comfort Index (higher=better) is 47, where higher values mean a more pleasant climate. The Comfort Index measure recognizes that humidity by itself isn't the problem. (Have you noticed nobody ever complains about the weather being 'cold and humid?) It's in the summertime that we notice the humidity the most, when it's hot and muggy. Our Comfort Index uses a combination of afternoon summer temperature and humidity to closely predict the effect that the humidity will have on people.

Median Home Cost

The percentage of housing units in Lima, Allen County, Ohio which are owned by the occupant = 49.33%. A housing unit is a house, apartment, mobile home, or room occupied as separate living quarters. The average age of homes = 58 years with median home cost = $66,430 and home appreciation of 3.15%. This is the value of the years most recent home sales data. Its important to note that this is not the average (or arithmetic mean). The median home price is the middle value when you arrange all the sales prices of homes from lowest to highest. This is a better indicator than the average, because the median is not changed as much by a few unusually high or low values. The property tax rate of $10.56 shown here is the rate per $1,000 of home value. If for simplification for example the tax rate is $14.00 and the home value is $250,000, the property tax would be $14.00 x ($250,000/1000), or $3500. This is the 'effective' tax rate.

Study

The local school district spends $4,283 per student. There are 19.3 students for each teacher in the school, 763 students for each Librarian and 501 students for each Counselor. 6.50% of the area’s population over the age of 25 with an Associate Degree or other 2-year college degree, 6.75% with a master’s degree, Ph.D. or other advanced college degree and 3.18% with high school diplomas or high school equivalency degrees (GEDs).