ZIP Code 43920

East Liverpool is a city in southeastern Columbiana County, Ohio, United States. It lies along the Ohio River within the Upper Ohio Valley and borders Pennsylvania to the east and West Virginia to the south. East Liverpool was known as the "Pottery Capital" of the United States due to its large number of potteries. Because of its role in the ceramics industry, the town is one of the settings in author Holly Black's award-winning middle-grade novel Doll Bones. The Beginning Point of the U.S. Public Land Survey is just east of the city center, on the OhioPennsylvania border. The city reached its peak population of more than 26,000 in 1970, but its pottery industry had already begun to decline by the mid-1960s. In the 1960s, much of the downtown area was cleared to make way for the 4-lane expansion of Ohio State Route 11. On October 22, 1934, local police and FBI agents led by Melvin Purvis shot and killed notorious bank robber Pretty Boy Floyd in a cornfield going toward Clarkson, Ohio. The first schoolhouse opened in 1820. In 1905, the first city hospital opened. As of 1914, East Liverpool is served by the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad. There are 16 different properties and 3 districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places, in addition to the Beginning Point. To improve its urban design, the city installed a Depression-era search-era district called Devon's Diamond. This district is now the home of the East Liverpool High School Alumni Association.

History

East Liverpool is the primary city name, but also Calcutta, E Liverpool are acceptable city names or spellings. The official name is City of East Liverpool. East Liverpool traces its founding to 1798, when Irish immigrant Thomas Fawcett purchased 1,100 acres of land along the Ohio River in what was then Jefferson County. The arrival of English potter James Bennett in 1839 brought the establishment of the first bottle kiln site in East Liverpool, launching the town's largest industry. The city reached its peak population of more than 26,000 in 1970, but its pottery industry had already begun to decline by the mid-1960s. There are today 16 different properties and 3 districts are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, in addition to the Beginning Point of the U.S. Public Land Survey, the only National Historic Landmark in Columbiana County. East Liverpool is noted for its Italianate and Second Empire architecture, as well as its prominence as a commercial center in the late 19th century and early 20th century. In the 1960s, much of the downtown area was cleared to make way for the 4-lane expansion of Ohio State Route 11. On October 22, 1934, local police and FBI agents led by Melvin Purvis shot and killed notorious bank robber Pretty Boy Floyd in a cornfield going toward Clarkson, Ohio. The body was returned to the town for embalming. The first schoolhouse opened in 1820, and the first religious center opened in1834 when the Episcopalians erected a building on a 4th Street site provided by town developers. In 1905, the first city hospital opened. As of 1914, East Liverpool was served by the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad.

Geography

East Liverpool is located at 40°3743N 80°349W (40.628510, 80.569063). It lies within the ecoregion of the Western Allegheny Plateau. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 4.76 square miles (12.33 km²) of which 4.56 square miles are land and 0.20 square miles is water. The city's satellite communities are not within the city limits, but share East Liverpool mailing addresses. The towns of Calcutta, Glenmoor, and Fredericktown, Ohio and Chester and Newell, West Virginia are also in the city's orbit. East Liverpool is home to Westgate Middle School and Patterson Field, East Liverpool's football stadium. The West End has two distinct small neighborhoods:Sunnyside Between Lisbon and West 9th streets to the south and Hazel Street in the north. The East End is almost entirely isolated from the rest of East Liverpool, connected only by River Road and the Route 11/39 freeway. East End originated as a few separate satellite communities that were absorbed in the 19th century by the growing city. It is considered to be all of the flats between St. George and State streets in the west and the border with Pennsylvania in the east. Until the freeway project in the 1960s, the West End was connected to Downtown, but like the riverfront area of Downtown, it is now geographically isolated on the other side of the freeway.

Demographics

As of the census of 2010, there were 11,195 people, 4,601 households, and 2,892 families residing in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 91.7% White, 4.6% African American, 0.2% Native American, and 0.3% Asian. There were 5,743 housing units at an average density of 1,320.8 per square mile (509.7/km²) The city's median income was $23,138, and the median income for a family was $27,500. The per capita income for theCity was $12,656. About 21.5% of families and 25.2%. of the population were below the poverty line, including 35.2. of those under age 18 and 13.0% of those age 65 or over. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was2.97. The median age in the City was 37.6 years, with 27.1% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 27.3%. from 25 to 44, 20.8%. from 45 to 64, and 16.0%. The city has a population density of 2,455.0 inhabitants per squaremile (947.9/km 2). The city had a population of 13,089 people, 5,261 households and 3,424 families in the 2000 census. The population density was 3,010.3 people per square inch (1,161.8/ km²).

Toxic waste incinerator

East Liverpool, Ohio is home to a toxic waste incinerator. The incinerator is on 92 acres of land containing warehouses, processing plants, and wide areas of asphalt. East Liverpool is widely considered to be in a health crisis due to dangerous levels of toxic elements. Since the air quality assessment, the Ohio EPA and ATSDR have been working in partnership with S. H. Bell Company to decrease the toxic metals leaching into the surrounding air and land. One example of a mitigation effort is to install misters, which spray water, which attaches to toxic particulates and keeps them contained within the area of treatment. In 2005, the EPA declared the area surrounding the incinerator a "potential environmental justice area". Some members of the community felt the area was not being dealt with properly. An article in 1994 stressed the environmental burden people of color: "East Liverpools live in the incinerators area". An East Liverpools group who called themselves Housewives from Hell advocated for a clean environment. One Housewife from Hell, Sandy Estell, was arrested for her efforts against the incineration area. In 2013, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) declared the surrounding area a "Potential Environmental Justice Area" The Ohio EPA monitors air quality at three sites in East Liverpool: Maryland Avenue, the local Port Authority, and the Michigan Avenue Water Plant. In 2014, hazardous and toxic particles in air quality assessments increased. Because of the facility's location, its waste is shipped on river barges. Toxic waste and byproducts are shipped by train, truck, and boat.

Pottery industry

Englishman James Bennett established the industry in 1839, making use of good transportation and rich local clays. In 1887, East Liverpool had 21 general ware potteries that employed 2,558 operatives. By 1923 the 17 firms had 7,000 employees and operated 270 kilns, with $25,000,000 in annual output. Among the most famous of East Liverpool's ceramics was the porcelain known as Lotus Ware, produced by Knowles, Taylor & Knowles in the 1890s. The Museum of Ceramics in downtown East Liverpool has the world's largest public display of Lotus Ware. The American Mug & Stein Company and the Fiesta Tableware Company, formerly Homer Laughlin, are two of the largest pottery firms in East Liverpool. The city more than doubled in population each decade as it attracted new industrial workers with the growth of the pottery industry. By 1910, its population exceeded 20,000. Until the turn of the century about 85% percent of the population could trace its heritage to England. In the mid-19th century East Liverpool also produced most of the yellowware pottery used in the United States. It is now home to the American Mug and Stein Company, which is one of the most successful pottery companies in the world, with a turnover of more than $1.5 billion per year. The company was founded in 1887 and is based in Ohio, but has since moved to Newell, West Virginia, across the Ohio River.

Sports

East Liverpool has never had a major professional sports team. The semipro East Liverpool Potters basketball team of the Central Basketball League played in the city from 1906 to 1909. East Liverpool High School athletics have been consistently popular among students and residents for the past 100-plus years. The school fields American football, baseball, basketball, bowling, cross country running, golf, soccer, softball, swimming, tennis, track and field, volleyball and wrestling teams. Athletic facilities include Patterson Field, a football stadium opened in 1924 on the Ohio River, and the Potter Fieldhouse next to the high school. Most of these teams have had team and/or individual successes. All of the teams are known as the Potters, and they are all part of the East Liverpool School District, which was founded in 1872. The district is one of the oldest in the state, having been established in 1852. The city has a population of about 3,000 people, and it is home to the Ohio State University, Ohio State College and the University of Ohio. It is also home to a number of colleges and universities, including Ohio State, Ohio Tech, Ohio University and Ohio State. There are no professional sports teams in East Liverpool today, but the city has had several semi-pro and company teams in the past. The East Liverpool Soccer Club was formed in the early 1900s and is still in operation today. It was founded by a group of former East Liverpool high school students who wanted to start a sports program.

Parks and recreation

There are two public parks within East Liverpool city limits. Thompson Park opened in 1900 as a green space to get away from the industry of the city. The East Liverpool Country Club has a 9-hole golf course designed by Willie Park, Jr., that opened on July 14, 1921. Beaver Creek State Park is outside the city limits but within the 43920 ZIP code. There is also a small public park and boat launch on the Ohio River at the end of Broadway. The city of East Liverpool is located in Ohio's Upper Peninsula, near the town of Liverpool. It has a population of about 3,000 people, with the majority of its residents living in or near the East Liverpool area of Ohio. It is located on the eastern edge of Ohio's Piedmont region, between the towns of Liverpool and Poughkeepsie. The town's population is about 2,000. It was founded in 1858, and the city is located near the Poynter River, which runs through the center of the town. Its population is around 2,500 people, and it is in the middle of the Poughnter Valley region, which is the eastern part of the Ohio Valley. It also has the largest population of any U.S. city in Ohio, with more than 1,200 people living in the city's central area. The population of the state is about 4,000, with most of its people living near the city of Liverpool or the town's eastern edge.

Government

East Liverpool operates under a mayorcouncil government. Eight council members are elected as a legislature for 2-year terms. The mayor, auditor, treasurer, and law director are all elected to 4-year term. The current mayor is Gregory T. Bricker, and the current council president is John A. Torma. In addition to the mayor, an independently elected mayor serves as an executive. The city has four separate wards, three at-large districts, and a council president.

Education

Children in East Liverpool (and immediate surrounding areas in Liverpool Township) are served by the public East Liverpool City School District. St. Aloysius School (K-8) operated for 130 years as a Roman Catholic School in the Diocese of Youngstown before closing on June 6, 2015. Private schools include the East Liverpool Christian School for grades K-12 and the Lincoln Park Performing Arts Charter School. Two online schools, Buckeye Online School for Success and Quaker Digital Academy, operate out of downtown.Kent State University has been operating a satellite campus, Kent State University at East Liverpool, since 1965. A trade school, New Castle School of Trades, opened in Downtown in 2016. East Ohio College in nearby Calcutta focuses on associate degrees and job training programs. It is clustered around 4th Street in Downtown, and grants associate's degrees and bachelor's degrees. It also offers a number of trade training programs, such as the East Ohio Trade School for Trades and East Ohio State University for Trade Studies. The town is located on the Ohio River, which flows into the Ohio Turnpike. It has a population of about 2.5 million, with a population density of about 1.6 million. The city is located in the eastern part of the Ohio Valley, which includes the towns of Liverpool and East Liverpool. The population of Liverpool Township is around 1.7 million, and the population of East Liverpool is around 2.4 million, including surrounding areas.

Air Quality, Water Quality, Superfund Sites & UV Index

The Air Quality index is in East Liverpool, Columbiana County, Ohio = 83. These Air Quality index is based on annual reports from the EPA. Higher values are better (100=best). The number of ozone alert days is used as an indicator of air quality, as are the amounts of seven pollutants including particulates, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, lead, and volatile organic chemicals. The Water Quality Index is 33. A measure of the quality of an area’s water supply as rated by the EPA. Higher values are better (100=best). The EPA has a complex method of measuring the watershed quality, using 15 indicators such as pollutants, turbidity, sediments, and toxic discharges. The Superfund Sites Index is 80. Higher is better (100=best). Based upon the number and impact of EPA Superfund pollution sites in the county, including spending on the cleanup efforts. The UV Index in East Liverpool = 3.4 and is a measure of an area's exposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays. This is most often a combination of sunny weather, altitude, and latitude. The UV Index has been defined by the WHO (www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/radiation-the-ultraviolet-(uv)-index) and is uniform worldwide.

Employed

The most recent city population of 9,958 individuals with a median age of 37.5 age the population dropped by -9.26% in East Liverpool, Columbiana County, Ohio population since 2000 and are distributed over a density of 2,118.27 residents per square mile of area (817.86/km²). There are average 2.45 people per household in the 4,741 households with an average household income of $26,142 a year. The unemployment rate in Alabama is 12.70% of the available work force and has dropped -5.48% over the most recent 12-month period and the projected change in job supply over the next decade based on migration patterns, economic growth, and other factors will increase by 16.34%. The number of physicians in East Liverpool per 100,000 population = 112.

Weather

The annual rainfall in East Liverpool = 37.5 inches and the annual snowfall = 16.8 inches. The annual number of days with measurable precipitation (over .01 inch) = 136. The average number of days per year that are predominantly sunny = 165. 85 degrees Fahrenheit is the average daily high temperature for the month of July and 20.7 degrees Fahrenheit is the average daily low temperature for the month of January. The Comfort Index (higher=better) is 49, where higher values mean a more pleasant climate. The Comfort Index measure recognizes that humidity by itself isn't the problem. (Have you noticed nobody ever complains about the weather being 'cold and humid?) It's in the summertime that we notice the humidity the most, when it's hot and muggy. Our Comfort Index uses a combination of afternoon summer temperature and humidity to closely predict the effect that the humidity will have on people.

Median Home Cost

The percentage of housing units in East Liverpool, Columbiana County, Ohio which are owned by the occupant = 52.34%. A housing unit is a house, apartment, mobile home, or room occupied as separate living quarters. The average age of homes = 67 years with median home cost = $43,460 and home appreciation of -28.04%. This is the value of the years most recent home sales data. Its important to note that this is not the average (or arithmetic mean). The median home price is the middle value when you arrange all the sales prices of homes from lowest to highest. This is a better indicator than the average, because the median is not changed as much by a few unusually high or low values. The property tax rate of $10.45 shown here is the rate per $1,000 of home value. If for simplification for example the tax rate is $14.00 and the home value is $250,000, the property tax would be $14.00 x ($250,000/1000), or $3500. This is the 'effective' tax rate.

Study

The local school district spends $5,803 per student. There are 14 students for each teacher in the school, 492 students for each Librarian and 1230 students for each Counselor. 5.30% of the area’s population over the age of 25 with an Associate Degree or other 2-year college degree, 4.70% with a master’s degree, Ph.D. or other advanced college degree and 2.58% with high school diplomas or high school equivalency degrees (GEDs).